How to Recover Deleted Files on Mac

Accidentally deleted files from your Mac or MacBook? In most cases, recovery is simple, but when you realize that you have already emptied the Trash after the deletion, or even bypassed it and deleted files permanently, your situation can appear hopeless. To show you that it rarely is, we are going to describe several methods that can recover your lost data, using recovery software like Disk Drill (macOS Tahoe ready) for tough situations and native operating system features for simpler scenarios. These methods can recover lost files on your Mac even if they have been permanently deleted from the Trash.

!

Important: Modern Macs with SSDs use TRIM technology, which can permanently erase deleted data within minutes. If your Mac has an SSD (most MacBooks from 2013 onwards), act immediately to maximize recovery chances.

Restore Deleted Files on a Mac from the Trash (Not Emptied Yet)

When you discover that some files are missing from your Mac, the first thing you should do is check the Trash Bin, a special folder that temporarily stores deleted files until it is emptied (can happen automatically after 30 days if this option is enabled).

Follow these steps to recover files from the Trash on Mac:

  1. Open the Trash Bin on Mac.
  2. Locate and select the missing files.
  3. Right-click any of the selected files.
  4. Select the Put Back option to restore deleted files on Mac to its original location.
Restore Deleted Files on a Mac from the Trash
!

Files deleted from external devices connected to your Mac can also be recovered from the Trash Bin, but there's an important requirement: the external device must be connected to your Mac. When you delete files from an external drive, macOS stores them in a hidden folder on that device itself. This means that to see and recover these deleted files in your Trash, you'll need to reconnect the external drive to your Mac. Once connected, the deleted files from that device will appear in your Trash Bin alongside files deleted from your internal drive, and you can restore them using the same "Put Back" procedure outlined above.

Software to Recover Deleted Files on Mac

If Mac Trash recovery is no longer possible because you've emptied it, or if you need to recover permanently deleted files on Mac for any other reason, the best solution is to turn to data recovery software.

Disk Drill for Mac is an excellent choice because it combines a highly intuitive user interface with industry-leading recovery capabilities and features, including:

  • APFS, HFS+, NTFS, FAT32, exFAT, EXT4, ReFS supportAPFS, HFS+, NTFS, FAT32, exFAT, EXT4, ReFS support
  • Identify and preview recoverable files for freeIdentify and preview recoverable files for free
  • Recovers files based on file system data and file signaturesRecovers files based on file system data and file signatures
  • BitLocker-encrypted partition recovery on MacBitLocker-encrypted partition recovery on Mac
  • Support for Apple Silicon chips and Intel-based MacsSupport for Apple Silicon chips and Intel-based Macs

Steps to Recover Permanently Deleted Files on Mac

This comprehensive guide will walk you through the steps to recover permanently deleted files on your Mac using Disk Drill, showing you just how straightforward it can be to retrieve your lost data on Mac.

1. Download and Install Disk Drill for Mac

The first step is to download the free Disk Drill application from our website. The latest Disk Drill 6 requires macOS 10.15 "Catalina" or later, though older versions of Disk Drill support macOS from 10.5 onwards if you're using an older Mac.

After downloading, find the "diskdrill.dmg" file in your Downloads folder and double-click on it. If you're recovering files from an external storage device, drag the Disk Drill icon to your Applications folder. However, if you need to recover files from your Mac's system drive, the ideal scenario is to first download the installer to an external device, then install Disk Drill to that external device rather than your Applications folder. This prevents the installer from potentially overwriting the very data you're trying to recover.

Download and Install Disk Drill for Mac

2. Launch Disk Drill File Recovery Software on Your Mac

Once Disk Drill is installed, go ahead and launch it. You will be asked to confirm if you really want to open it since it’s a third-party application downloaded from the internet. Once you do that, you will see a button labeled “Install now.” Click on it and then grant Disk Drill Full Disk Access so that it can recover lost files.

If you need to recover deleted files on an external device, connect it to your Mac now. Skip this step if you wish to recover a deleted file on your Mac's internal hard drive.

Launch Disk Drill File Recovery Software on Your Mac

3. Select the Drive To Be Scanned

In Disk Drill's main window, select the drive you want to recover from the displayed list. Click "Search for lost data" in the right panel. Choose your scanning method: Universal scan (comprehensive recovery) or ACR (for camera/drone videos). Disk Drill searches for files with intact metadata (preserving names/paths) and performs signature-based recovery. Supported file systems include FAT16/32, exFAT, NTFS/NTFS5, ReFS, HFS/HFS+, APFS, EXT2/3/4, and BTRFS.

Select the Drive To Be Scanned
!

Note: If you’ve decided to scan your system drive, then you will be prompted to install the required Kernel Extension.

4. Wait Until Disk Drill Scans Your Drive

While Disk Drill’s algorithms scan your drive, it sorts found files into six types: pictures, videos, audio, documents, archives, and other. This makes it easy to see what it has found, with each type showing how many files there are.

If you're in a hurry, you can choose to look at the files Disk Drill has found even while it's still scanning. In fact, you can even pause the scan and recover deleted files from your Mac right away if they’ve already been located by Disk Drill.

Wait Until Disk Drill Scans Your Drive
!

Note: The latest version of Disk Drill allows you to pause a scan started on macOS and continue it on Windows (and vice versa).

5. Select Your Deleted Files

When Disk Drill is done scanning, you will be shown the list of files it has found. If you are looking for certain files, you can sort the results to narrow down the number of files shown:

  • Disk Drill always attempts to recover original filenames when possible (signature-based recovery can only identify file types, not names), and you can search for them by typing a keyword into the search field.
  • You can also adjust the time to show only the files deleted within the last few days or weeks;
  • Click on any of the column headers to sort the list by that value.

When you find a potential file, click the "eye" icon next to the name to preview it. Some files may be corrupted, so previewing is the only way to know if the file is fully recoverable. After you have identified the deleted files on your Mac that you wish to recover, check the boxes next to their names.

Select Your Deleted Files

6. Recover Deleted Files on Your Mac

Once you have selected your files, click the Recover button in the bottom right corner. You will be asked to select a suitable recovery location (one that's on a different storage device than the one you're scanning). 

Disk Drill will automatically confirm whether the selected location is appropriate. If it is, then you can begin the actual recovery. If you haven’t upgraded to Disk Drill PRO yet, you will be prompted to do so in order to complete the recovery of your files. The free version of Disk Drill allows you to only scan and preview the recoverable files.

Congratulations! You now know how to restore deleted files on macOS.

Recover Deleted Files on Your Mac

Device Types Supported by Disk Drill

Mac’s internal hard drives

Mac’s internal hard drives

Quickly recover lost and deleted data from your Mac’s internal hard disk or SSD* even after you have emptied the Trash.

External hard drives

External hard drives

Connect an external hard drive to your Mac and let Disk Drill scan it for lost files and restore your data.

Flash drives

Flash drives

Just plug your pen drive into the Mac’s USB port and select it in Disk Drill’s interface to recover your deleted flash drive files.

Memory cards

Memory cards

Recover deleted files from SD or other kinds of memory cards by using your Mac’s card reader.

NAS and RAID Systems

NAS and RAID Systems

Effortlessly recover various RAID configurations and NAS systems, commonly used in Linux, Windows, and Mac environments.

Android & iOS devices

Android & iOS devices

Plug in your smartphone and perform Android or iPhone data recovery with a few clicks to get your lost data back.

!

* If TRIM is disabled. Learn more >

File Formats Supported

Pictures
Pictures

BMP, JPG, PCX, TIFF, and many other formats.

Videos
Videos

AVI, FCP, FLV, M4V are just a few of the supported file types.

Audio files
Audio files

MP3, WAV, WMA, and all other popular formats.

Documents
Documents

DOCX, XLSX, TXT, Pages, EPUB, and many more.

Raw Images
Raw Images

CR2, CR3, NEF, NRW, ORF, SR2, SRF from Sony, Canon, Nikon and other digital cameras.

Tips to Successfully Restore Deleted Files on a Mac

Here are some tips that will increase the probability that you can perform a successful data recovery.

Stop using the device

Stop using the device

The most impactful action to improve your Mac data recovery chances is to cease using the affected storage device immediately upon suspecting data loss. Continued use of the disk or partition risks overwriting the data you wish to restore. That’s why you should download data recovery software onto a different device than the one you're trying to recover.

Create a disk image

Create a disk image

When dealing with the corrupted drive, it’s best to create a backup disk image of the storage device you’re trying to recover to preserve its current state. With a disk image ready, you can attempt data recovery multiple times without worrying about overwriting or further damaging the original data.

Watch for a failing drive

Watch for a failing drive

Don’t ignore the signs of a failing hard drive. If you hear strange grinding noises, start noticing signs of data corruption, or see that the hard drive’s S.M.A.R.T. values look bad, it’s probably not your imagination. These issues will not correct themselves and are bound to get worse until the drive fails. Get your data off the device and to safer storage media as soon as possible.

Don’t recover to the original drive

Don’t recover to the original drive

To prevent overwriting the data you're trying to recover, avoid saving the recovered files back to the original disk. Instead, choose a different location, such as an external hard drive or, if you’re recovering a smaller quantity of files, a USB drive or memory card.

Check existing backups

Check existing backups

Before using data recovery tools, check any existing backups you may have. Whether it’s a Time Machine backup or a cloud storage service, you might already have the files you need. Restoring from these backups can often be the simplest way to get the missing files back on a Mac.

Use reliable data recovery software

Use reliable data recovery software

Invest in reliable data recovery software designed specifically for Mac. Your software of choice should support file systems Apple uses (APFS, HFS/HFS+, FAT32, and exFAT) and be compatible with Intel T1-T2 and Apple silicon (M1/M2/M3/M4) Macs.

Ways to Recover Deleted Files on Mac without Software

Here are the procedures to use when attempting to restore your deleted files without software. You might want to try some of these methods before resorting to a software solution.

Recover Deleted Files with the Undo Option

The macOS keystroke combination of Command-Z will often undo the last action you took with the operating system. Using the keystrokes repeatedly can undo the last several commands that you have entered. This can be extremely helpful if you realize you have just deleted an important file.

This method works when you send something to the Trash or perform a mass delete from within a document. However, be aware that the undo function does not persist after closing the application or restarting your system. Additionally, Command-Z cannot recover files once the Trash has been emptied. To recover files from emptied Trash, you need to use Disk Drill.

img

Recover Deleted Files on Mac from Trash via the "Put Back" Option

The macOS saves deleted files temporarily and they are moved to the Trash to make them easily available for recovery. By default, files in the Trash are stored for up to 30 days before being automatically removed.

To Recover Deleted Files from your Mac for free:

  1. Click on the Trash Can icon in your Dock to view all deleted files.
  2. Locate the file you want to recover.
  3. Drag deleted files to the desktop or right-click on the files you wish to restore.
  4. Select the "Put Back" option to recover deleted files on Mac from the Trash to its original location.
Recover Deleted Files on Mac from Trash via the "Put Back" Option
!

Note: If files were deleted from an external drive, the drive must be connected to your Mac for its Trash contents to be displayed.

Retrieve Deleted Files on Mac with Terminal

If you're unable to access your Trash the usual way (by clicking its icon in the Dock), then you can recover deleted files from it using the Terminal app. While this method requires you to enter some potentially intimidating commands, the recovery process is actually straightforward, as outlined below:

  1. Open the Terminal application on your Mac.
  2. Enter the command “cd .Trash” and hit Return to go to the Trash folder.
  3. Type ls and press Return. This command will display the contents of the Trash Bin, allowing you to see all the deleted files that are currently stored there.
  4. Use the mv command to recover your file by typing it in this format: mv [filename].[extension] [destination]. For example: mv photo5.jpg ~/Desktop/
  5. Type Quit to close Terminal.
  6. Open a Finder and navigate to the destination folder (Desktop in our case).
Retrieve Deleted Files on Mac with Terminal

Restore Lost Files via Time Machine Backup

Time Machine is a freeware backup tool that comes installed with your Mac's operating system. Many Mac owners use this valuable tool to protect their data. Even without a full Time Machine backup drive connected, macOS automatically creates local snapshots on your internal drive that can help recover recently deleted files.

Follow these steps to recover lost files from your Time Machine backup:

  1. Connect the storage media that contains the Time Machine backup to your Mac.
  2. Open a window displaying the folder that last contained the deleted file. For example, if you deleted something from the Documents folder, open a Finder window of the Documents.
  3. Open Time Machine by clicking on the clock icon on Mac’s menu bar and select Browse Time Machine Backups.
  4. Locate the items you want to restore from within Time Machine. There may be multiple versions of a file that has been modified, and you can select the version that you want.
  5. Select an item to recover and press the Spacebar if you would like to preview it.
  6. Click Restore to recover the selected file or folder.
Restore Lost Files via Time Machine Backup

Download your deleted files from iCloud

If you've manually uploaded files to iCloud Drive or have Desktop and Documents folders set to sync automatically, you may be able to recover deleted files from iCloud.

To check for and download files from iCloud:

  1. Go to: https://www.icloud.com/
  2. Sign in to your iCloud account.
  3. Open Drive.
  4. Select the deleted file.
  5. Click the download icon to download the file to your Mac.
Download your deleted files from iCloud
!

This method works in two scenarios:

  • First, if you've manually stored files in iCloud Drive, they'll remain there even if deleted from your Mac.
  • Second, if you deleted files locally but the deletion hasn't synced to iCloud yet (which can happen during poor connectivity or if you quickly go offline after deletion), the files may still be accessible in iCloud.

Use a Professional Mac Data Recovery Service

Sometimes your storage device has been physically damaged to the extent that it cannot be recognized by your operating system. In these cases, all the above methods except for Time Machine will fail, and you will be left wondering what you can do to recover your data. A professional data recovery service may be able to restore your folders and files even if the device is physically damaged. A recovery service’s expert technicians can take apart the drive and clone it so its data can be recovered. This process is done in an environmentally controlled cleanroom to guarantee the disks are not contaminated during the recovery. A reputable service like CleverFiles Data Recovery Center will not charge you if its technicians cannot recover your data. It’s worth a shot if other methods fail and you need to get your data back.

Restore Lost Files via Time Machine Backup

Protect Your Mac Data to Prevent File Deletion

Protecting your files is the best way to prevent them from becoming permanently lost. Disk Drill provides you with three options to protect your valuable data. 

The first option is called Recovery Vault, and this efficient tool backs up only file metadata to significantly increase the chance of complete, successful recovery of deleted files while requiring only a small amount of storage space.

The second option is the Guaranteed Recovery feature. This feature stores full copies of important files that end up in Trash. As such, it enables their complete recovery even when they become permanently deleted, and it works even if you have a T2, M1, M2, M3, or M4 Mac with an encrypted system disk.

Finally, you can use the Byte-to-byte Backup tool to create a complete backup image of any unencrypted storage device. Keep in mind, however, that this method requires a storage space equal to the size of the backed-up disk.

Of course, you can (and should) enable Time Machine to complement these Disk Drill backup options. Time Machine, built into macOS, automatically keeps a record of all your files and allows you to restore your entire system to a previous state or recover individual files.

Protect Your  Mac Data to Prevent File Deletion

Situations Leading to Mac Data Loss or Deletion

There are a variety of reasons that you might lose data on your Mac. Here are some common scenarios:

Frequently Asked Questions

by Disk Drill Team

How to recover deleted files on my Mac?

To recover deleted files on your Mac, start by checking your Trash Bin to see if the files are still there. If they are, simply right-click and select "Put Back" to restore them. Next, check your backups, including Time Machine, iCloud Drive, or any other backup services you regularly use. When these basic methods don't work, it's time to turn to data recovery software like Disk Drill, which can scan your drive for permanently deleted files that aren't visible through normal means.

How to recover deleted files from the Trash on Mac?

To recover files from the Trash on Mac, click the Trash Bin icon in your Dock, find your files, then right-click and choose "Put Back" to restore them to their original location. You can also drag files directly to your desired folder.

If you deleted files from an external drive, then you need to make sure it's connected to your Mac, and then the Trash folder will show deleted files from both internal and external drives. If the Trash has been emptied, you'll need data recovery software like Disk Drill to recover permanently deleted files.

How to recover deleted files on Mac without software?

Several built-in Mac features can recover deleted files without third-party software, and Time Machine should be your first choice. To use it, connect your backup drive, open the original file location, enter Time Machine from the menu bar, and restore your files. Another option is iCloud. Sign in at iCloud.com to check the "Recently Deleted" folder (files remain 30 days) or download synced files. Also worth mentioning are auto-recovery features of various apps like Microsoft Office, Pages, and Numbers. 

Is there a way to recover emptied Trash on macOS?

Yes, there is. Data recovery software enables you to restore deleted files even after you have emptied your macOS Trash. This is because when the Trash is emptied, the files it contained still exist on your computer. They are logically inaccessible and data recovery software can repair the logical links, enabling the OS and applications to access the files again.

Can I recover deleted files using Terminal Command?

Yes, you can recover deleted files using the Terminal command, but you must use it before emptying the Trash. Use this procedure to give it a try:

  1. Open the Terminal Application.
  2. Use the cd .Trash command to navigate to the Trash folder containing recently deleted files.
  3. Use the mv command to move files from the Trash to new locations.

Can I recover permanently deleted files with the "Undo" option?

You can recover files that you have just deleted by using the Undo command by pressing the Command Z key combination. This command restores the files to their original location. It works from within a Finder window as well as many apps that allow you to create and delete files. This will not undo the command to empty the Trash.

How can I recover permanently deleted photos from my Mac?

You have a few different options to recover deleted photos on your Mac.

Here’s how to try using your Mac’s native Photo Application for recovery.

  1. Open the Photos application on your Mac.
  2. Click the Recently Deleted option under Library in the left-hand panel.
  3. Select the photos that you would like to restore.
  4. Click the Recover button in the upper right of the window.

If you use a cloud backup service such as iCloud, Dropbox or Google Photos, you may be able to use their apps to recover deleted photos. Most services keep deleted files for 30 days. In addition to making sharing files easier, the ability to restore from the cloud is one of the main benefits offered by these services. Specific steps will necessarily be based on the platform you use.

The most reliable way to recover permanently deleted photos from your Mac is with Disk Drill data recovery software. Follow these steps to get it done:

  1. Download and install Disk Drill on your Mac.
  2. Launch the app and choose the disk that contained the photos.
  3. Click Search for lost data to start scanning for lost images.
  4. Preview the recoverable photos by filtering on Pictures and make your selections.
  5. Click Recover to get back your valuable pictures.

How do I recover deleted files on my Mac for free?

To recover deleted files on your Mac for free, begin with all the built-in options available in macOS. Check your Trash first, use Command-Z to undo recent deletions, browse through any Time Machine backups you have, and examine the trash folders in your cloud services like iCloud, Dropbox, or Google Drive. These methods cost nothing and often succeed in recovering recently deleted files.

When built-in methods fail, free recovery software becomes your next option. Disk Drill is an excellent choice because it can preview all recoverable files without requiring a license. For a comprehensive comparison of free and paid recovery options, check our guide on the best data recovery software for Mac.

How do you recover a deleted folder on a Mac?

You can get a deleted folder directly from the Trash Can with the following procedure.

  1. Open the Trash by clicking on its icon.
  2. Drag the items out of the Trash to the desktop or into a Finder window opened to your desired location.
  3. Alternately, right-click on the items and select the Put Back option to return them to their original locations.

Where are deleted files on Mac?

Deleted files are temporarily stored in the Trash Can for a predetermined amount of time or until the Trash is manually emptied. This is a special folder and you can view the files that have been deleted by opening the Trash and searching as you would in any other folder on your Mac. Files can be dragged out of the Trash or Put Back to their original location.

How to recover deleted files from a Mac guest account?

If you’ve enabled Time Machine on your Mac, you should be able to restore deleted files from a Mac guest account using the recent Time Machine backup.

Here’s how to restore deleted files from a Mac guest account via Time Machine:

  1. Connect the drive containing Time Machine backups to your Mac.
  2. Click the Time Machine icon on the menu at the top of the screen and choose Enter Time Machine.
  3. Use the timeline on the right to select the needed backup version.
  4. Once you’ve found the deleted file, choose it, and click Restore.

Should I try to recover the files using software or take my Mac to a data recovery service?

Unless you’re dealing with data loss caused by physical damage, then you should always try to recover your lost files using reliable data recovery software for Mac before resorting to a professional data recovery service because you have nothing to lose. Leading data recovery tools like Disk Drill offer a free trial that allows you to preview recoverable files before purchase so you can clearly see if the software is capable of recovering your lost data. Moreover, using data recovery software is often faster and more cost-effective than sending your Mac to a professional data recovery service.

Can I recover permanently deleted files from a Mac or MacBook with SSD?

Recovering permanently deleted files from a Mac with SSD is significantly more challenging than with traditional hard drives due to TRIM technology. When TRIM is enabled, which is the default on most modern Macs, the SSD immediately marks deleted data blocks as empty and may overwrite them very quickly, sometimes within minutes of deletion. 

Your recovery chances depend on several factors: whether TRIM is enabled, how quickly you attempt recovery after deletion, and whether the SSD has already written new data to those blocks. To increase your chances as much as possible, you should stop using the Mac immediately to prevent overwriting, then use recovery software like Disk Drill as quickly as possible.

What should I do if some of the recovered files are corrupted?

When recovered files show corruption, there are some things you can do to make the situation better. Some file formats, such as videos, can in certain cases be repaired using readily available tools like Clever Online Video Repair. Alternatively, you can use Disk Drill’s Advanced Camera Recovery module, which is designed to reconstruct fragmented video files during their recovery. You can also always run another scan with different recovery software, as various tools use different algorithms that might recover cleaner versions of your files.

Disk Drill

No Macs in your household? Recover deleted files on your Windows computer.

More How-To's on How to Restore Files on Mac

How do I recover lost data?
See what Disk Drill fans say
22 hours later, I have all 700GB back. Big props to @Cleverfiles for helping me recover everything, INCLUDING the file structure of my SSD.
Read more
The new version of Disk Drill for Mac introduces numerous usability and under-the-hood enhancements to deliver the best data recovery experience and results. - Filipe Espósito
Read more
Used by world famous companies